Black Panther Party membership "consisted of recent migrants whose families traveled north and west to escape the southern racial regime, only to be confronted with new forms of segregation and repression". A new generation of young black people growing up in these cities faced new forms of poverty and racism unfamiliar to their parents, and they sought to develop new forms of politics to address them. The sweeping migration transformed the Bay Area as well as cities throughout the West and North, altering the once white-dominated demographics. Police in riot gear controlled marchers.ĭuring World War II, tens of thousands of black people left the Southern states during the Second Great Migration, moving to Oakland and other cities in the Bay Area to find work in the war industries such as Kaiser Shipyards. Students at the rally marched, sang, clapped hands, and carried protest signs. Black Panther Party members are shown as they marched in uniform.
#HUEY P. NEWTON DEATH CAUSE FULL#
Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, and Bobby Seale spoke on a 10-point program they wanted from the administration which was to include full employment, decent housing and education, an end to police brutality, and black people to be exempt from the military. The footage also shows a student protest demonstration at Alameda County Courthouse, Oakland, California. Newsreel in which Kathleen Cleaver spoke at Hutton Memorial Park in Alameda County, California. Other scholars have described the party as more criminal than political, characterized by "defiant posturing over substance". Scholars have characterized the Black Panther Party as the most influential black power organization of the late 1960s, and "the strongest link between the domestic Black Liberation Struggle and global opponents of American imperialism". Support further declined over reports of the party's alleged criminal activities, such as drug dealing and extortion. Party membership peaked in 1970 and gradually declined over the next decade, due to vilification by the mainstream press and infighting largely fomented by COINTELPRO. Government persecution initially contributed to the party's growth among African Americans and the political left, who both valued the party as a powerful force against de facto segregation and the US military draft during the Vietnam War. The party suffered many internal conflicts, resulting in the murders of Alex Rackley and Betty Van Patter. Huey Newton allegedly killed officer John Frey in 1967, and Eldridge Cleaver (Minister of Information) led an ambush in 1968 of Oakland police officers, in which two officers were wounded and Panther treasurer Bobby Hutton was killed. Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police. The FBI was involved in the 1969 assassinations of Fred Hampton, and Mark Clark, who were killed in a raid by the Chicago Police Department. Edgar Hoover, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), described the party as "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country." The FBI sabotaged the party with an illegal and covert counterintelligence program ( COINTELPRO) of surveillance, infiltration, perjury, police harassment, all designed to undermine and criminalize the party. The Black Panther Party advocated for class struggle, claiming to represent the proletarian vanguard.
#HUEY P. NEWTON DEATH CAUSE FREE#
From 1969 onward, the party created social programs, including the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, education programs, and community health clinics.
Upon its inception, the party's core practice was its open carry patrols ("copwatching") designed to challenge the excessive force and misconduct of the Oakland Police Department. They were also active in many prisons and had international chapters in the United Kingdom and Algeria.
The party was active in the United States between 19, with chapters in many major American cities, including San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist-Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P.
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